Mary Kay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mary Kay - Assignment Example One direct selling technique that was employed by Mary Kay was over-the-counter selling. After two financial years, direct sales from the two skin care products led to a 120% increase in the company’s revenue (Davies & Dewhirst, 2005). With respect to Mary Kay’s direct selling strategy, over-the-counter sales persons had to employ excellent interpersonal communication skills in enticing potential consumers to make purchases. Among the necessary requirements for Mary Kay’s direct sales persons included confidence, assertiveness, and persuasiveness (Davies & Dewhirst, 2005). In essence, most sales persons were skilled in expressing friendly demeanors and possessed in-depth knowledge on the products as a means of improving their art of persuasion. Admittedly, the 120% increase in Mar Kay’s revenue was attributable to the advantages of direct selling over other marketing strategies. Among the benefits of direct selling include enhanced customer satisfaction resulting from personalized product deliveries, and minimum marketing risks associated with positioning of products. Contrarily, direct selling strategies like those employed by Mary Kay possess certain setbacks which may include poor quality leads and inability to enhance repeat sales (Palade, 2011). Beauty Control TM is a results-oriented beauty product that allows consumers to get a clear skin within a minimum of only seven days. In essence, Beauty Control TM can be described as a new generation product that acts as a foundation for clear skin. As a new product in the market, the best marketing strategy to employ would be promotional marketing. Basically, promotional marketing entails the use of attractive sales techniques in enticing potential consumers, and influencing them to make purchases. Currently, there are multiple competitors within the beauty products market whose brand reputations are the main source of their competitive advantages in

Pollution and Encoachment of Coastal habitats in California Essay

Pollution and Encoachment of Coastal habitats in California - Essay Example Policies have been implemented that allow for greater leniency in the granting of permissions for off-shore oil drilling, and with a reduction of personnel in organizations such as the Environmental Protection Agency, the strict guidelines that have survived are not being sufficiently enforced. The increasing number of people inhabiting areas near water sources such as rivers, lakes, streams and wetlands has caused greater pollution due to more runoff, which ultimately contributes to the pollution of harbors and bays. Polluted runoff and the occasional oil spill threaten coastal resources and often cause beach closures, resulting in risks to public health and significant impacts to local economies. With the advent of the deterioration of California’s coastal environment, some specific programs and organizations were created, such as the Critical Coastal Areas program, which delineates specific land areas of the California coast â€Å"where state, federal and local government agencies and other stakeholders have agreed to improve degraded water quality or protect exceptional coastal water quality from the threat of pollution† (CCA Draft Strategic Plan 1), and the California Coastal Commission, established in order to â€Å"protect, conserve, restore, and enhance environmental and human-based resources of the California coast and ocean for environmentally sustainable and prudent use by current and future generations† (California Coastal Commission), to name just a couple. However, the proliferation of such agencies and programs has been insufficient to curb the negative effects of pollution and encroachment by humans on natural coastal habitats. According to an assessment of California’s coastal waters done in the year 2000, 98% of the state’s estuaries and bays were unable to fully support aquatic life, more than 90% carried warnings about eating fish and shellfish, and 86% could not support

Is Mary the Theotokos?

Is Mary the Theotokos? Is Mary the Theotokos?  Does it matter? Without the Blessed Virgin Mary Christianity, would be meaningless. That Mary is Mother of God is rooted deeply in sacred scripture, and this Church doctrine has been confidently taught since the Council of Ephesus (A.D. 431), during which occurred a decisive intervention of the Churchs teaching authority on behalf of Marys divine motherhood and against the claims of Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople who stated that Mary did not give birth to God, but to an ordinary baby, called Christ, who was in some way connected to God. Consequently, Mary did not deserve to be called by the title of Theotokos, or God-bearer, but rather the meeker title of Christotokos, or bearer of Christ. To get an idea of what was happening at the time we need to take a brief look at why this controversy began and at what was being said. So, to begin, it was the primary concern of the Council of Nicaea to make it plain beyond all possibility of misunderstanding that Jesus of Nazareth, while personally distinct from the Father, is God in the fullest sense of the word. As the Creed states, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, consubstantial with the Father; it was the Churchs determination to maintain this doctrine of derived equality without deviating into either modalism or tritheism, that led her on the long intellectual pilgrimage whose goal was full understanding of that mutual interpenetration of the three divine Persons, through their union with the one divine Essence, which is denoted by the word perichoresis. Only when the divinity of the Son had been firmly established could the Church give her full attention to the fact that the Son, being God, had become man. But can there be in Christ an unconfused union of Godhead and manhood? This was the question which was to exercise the minds of theologians and throw the life of the Church into turmoil from Constantinople to Chalcedon. What the orthodox Fathers were striving to do, and what was ultimately achieved at Chalcedon, was to preserve the doctrine of unconfused Godhead and manhood of Christ against tendencies which strove, on the one hand, to unite the two terms at the cost of confusing them with each other and, on the other hand, to keep them distinct at the cost of separating them. This today may not seem to offer any special difficulty; that this is so is a sign of the triumph of Chalcedon in theological thought, but, in the fifth century it was a notion that could only be achieved at the cost of bitter controversy and schism. So, when the theologically unimaginative but critically active Nestorius became Patriarch of Constantinople everything was ready for an explosion, which came when Nestorius openly supported his chaplain Anastasius in denouncing the application to the Blessed Virgin Mary of the title Theotokos. Nestorius was an Antiochene in Christology, deeply influenced by the ideas of Theodore of Mopsuestia, and it was his clumsy, clumsily articulated elucidation of the inferences of the position of the Antiochenes that was to set light to the controversy. Quite early on Nestorius was called upon to pronounce on the suitability of Theotokos as a title of the Virgin Mary, and ruled that its correctness was doubtful unless Christotokos was added to balance it. But in getting himself around this issue Nestorius used uncontrolled language which was calculated to provoke those whose approach was different to his own. He argued that no human being could be Gods mother and no human being could give birth to God; Mary gave birth to a man not God, the instrument of divinity. God could not have been carried for nine months in a womans womb, or have been wrapped in baby-clothes, or have suffered, died and been buried. Behind the description of Mary as Theotokos, he professed to detect the Arian theory that Marys Son was human or the Apollinarian concept that the manhood was imperfect. These flare-ups of Nestorius were calculated to be confrontational. But they played into the hands of Cyril of Alexandria, Nestoriuss bitter rival. Cyril claimed to see in them as a resurgence of the theory of two sons which was rejected in the fourth century. Alarmed by this claim that Marys son was just a man, Eusebius, later to become Bishop of Dorylaeum, quickly concluded that Nestorius was trying to re-establish the adoptionism of Paul of Samosata. By exploiting this interpretation Cyril was able to secure Nestoriuss condemnation as a heretic at the Council of Ephesus in 431. Based on these judgements the traditional picture of Nestorianism as a heresy which split God/man into two distinct Persons rapidly formed itself. When Divine Scripture is about to tell of the birth of Christ from the Virgin Mary or [his] death, in no place does it appear that it puts God but either Christ or Son or Lord, because these three are indicative of the two natures, now of this and now of that, now of the one and now of the other. For example, when the Book relates unto us the birth from the Virgin, whom docs it say? God sent his Son. It says not that God sent God the Word, but it takes a name which indicates both the natures. Since the Son is man and God, it says that God sent his Son and he was born of a woman; and therein thou seest that the name is put which indicates both the natures. Thou callest [him] Son according to the birth from the blessed Virgin, for the Virgin Mother / of Christ bare the Son of God. But since the Son of God is twofold in natures, she bare not the Son of God but she bare the humanity, which is the Son because of the Son who is united thereto (Nestorius, 450 AD). The first chapter of St Johns Gospel tell us quite simply that the Word became flesh and dwelt among us. Two points need to be noticed. The first is that in Hebrew flesh and blood means not just the material part of a man in contrast with his soul, but human nature as a whole. The second is that St John does not say that the Word united flesh to himself, but that he became flesh. St Athanasius was fundamentally clear on this point. In general, however, he was quite content to think of the Incarnation as taking place through the union of human flesh to the divine Word. He took upon him our flesh, as Aaron did his robe, and assumed a body like ours, having Mary for the Mother of his body (Athanasius, 356/360). Nestorius himself never drew from his premises the conclusions which Cyril believed him to have drawn and which were drawn by some of his followers. Nor is it to be supposed that the outlook of Antiochene theology logically implied the Nestorian heresy. What is true, however, is that, while the pluralistic emphasis of Antioch made it perfectly easy to preserve the distinction of the humanity and the divinity in Christ, it made it very difficult to provide for their real union. Apollinarius had maintained the union by removing from Christs humanity one of its constituents, the rational soul, and inserting the divine Word (Logos) in its place. No Antiochene could tolerate such a mutilation; the humanity must remain entire and complete. But how then is this unity of divinity and humanity to be effected? If the humanity is complete we shall surely have a complete human individual and it will be this individual and not the divine Word (Logos) who will be the subject of Christs life. No wonder, then, the Alexandrian will reflect, that these Antiochenes refuse to call Mary theotokos; they cannot help believing that he whom she bore was not God but a man, even if God came to dwell in him after she had borne him. Whatever they may say, they believe in two Sons, one the Son of God and the other the son of Mary, however close the relation of the two may be. The clash between these points of view was fierce at first. Cyrils intervention was quick when he heard of Nestoriuss mockery of Theotokos, in refuting what he deemed gross heresy. The patriarchs exchanged some quite prickly letters without with neither of them making any significant headway. So, Pope Celestine was contacted by Cyril, who send him a dossier of extracts from Nestoriuss writings and from the declarations made on the Incarnation by the reverend fathers of past generations. Nestorius also wrote letters to Celestine and in his third he stated: I have learned that Cyril, the most distinguished bishop of the city of Alexandria, has become worried about reports against him that we received, and is now hunting for subterfuges to avoid a holy synod taking place due to these reports. In the meantime he is devising some other disturbances over terms and has chosen [as a point of controversy] the term Theotokos and Christotokos: the first he allows, but as for Christotokos, sometimes he removes it from the gospels, and sometimes he allows it, on the basis of what I believe is a kind of excessive prudence. In the case of the term Theotokos, I am not opposed to those who want to say it, unless it should advance to the confusion of natures in the manner of the madness of Apollinaris or Arius. Nonetheless, I have no doubt that the term Theotokos is inferior to the term Christotokos, as the latter is mentioned by the angels and the gospels. And if I were not speaking to Your Worship who is already so knowledgeable, I would need to give a very long discourse on this topic. But even without a discourse, it is known in every way to Your Beatitude, that if we should think that there are two groups opposed to each other, the one using only the term Theotokos, the other only Anthropotokos, and each group draws [others] to what it confesses or, if they have not accomplished this, puts [others] in danger of falling from the church, it would be necessary to assign someone to such an affair if it arises who exercises concern for both groups and heals the danger of both parties by means of the term taken from the gospels that signifies both natures. For as I said, the term Christotokos keeps the assertion of both parties to the proper limits, because it both removes the blasphemy of Paul of Samosata, who claimed that Christ the Lord of all was simply a human being, and also flees the wickedness of Arius and Apollinaris. Now I have written these very things to the most distinguished bishop of Alexandria, as Your Beatitude can tell from the copies I have attached to this letter of mine, as well as from the copies of what he wrote to us. Moreover, with Gods help it has also been agreed to announce a world-wide synod in order to inquire into the other ecclesiastical matters. For I do not think it will be difficult to investigate an uncertainty over words, and it is not a hindrance for a discussion of the divinity of Christ the Lord (Nestorius, 430) It did not take to long for Celestine to make a decision, and he called a synod in Rome in August 430 which decided against Nestorius and voted in favour of the title Theotokos. Nestorius was given a warning that, within ten days he would be treated as excommunicate unless, after receiving the notification, he retracted his teaching. The implementation of this ruling was given to Cyril and he characteristically carried out his task. He held a synod at Alexandria, afterwards sending a letter to Nestorius requiring him to subscribe to twelve anathemas. These anathemas, which were intentionally confrontational, summarise in terms which were uncompromising the Cyrilline Christology, some of which I reference here: If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the holy virgin is the mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh, let him be anathema. If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema. If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema. If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema. If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as the Word became flesh, and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema. If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema. If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema. If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshipped and glorified together with the divine Word and be called God along with him, while being separate from him, (for the addition of with must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to him one doxology, even as the Word became flesh, let him be anathema. (Alexandria, 430). This union of two natures in the one divine Person of Christ is called the hypostatic or personal union. It is the mystery of the Incarnation of God; it is also the mystery of the divine Motherhood of Mary. Cyril also said in this letter: Therefore, because the holy virgin bore in the flesh God who was united hypostatically with the flesh, for that reason we call her mother of God, not as though the nature of the Word had the beginning of its existence from the flesh (for the Word was in the beginning and the Word was God and the Word was with God, and he made the ages and is coeternal with the Father and craftsman of all things), but because, as we have said, he united to himself hypostatically the human and underwent a birth according to the flesh from her womb. This was not as though he needed necessarily or for his own nature a birth in time and in the last times of this age, but in order that he might bless the beginning of our existence, in order that seeing that it was a woman that had given birth to him united to the flesh, the curse against the whole race should thereafter cease which was consigning all our earthy bodies to death, and in order that the removal through him of the curse, In sorrow thou shalt br ing forth children, should demonstrate the truth of the words of the prophet: Strong death swallowed them Up, and again, God has wiped every tear away from all face. It is for this cause that we say that in his economy he blessed marriage and, when invited, went down to Cana in Galilee with his holy apostles (Alexandria, 430). A letter was issued by Theodosius summoning a general council to meet at Ephesus at Pentecost 431, with an astonishing medley of rival meetings taking place before the event. Recognised as the Third General Council Ephesus was effective in that Nestorius was never rehabilitated, dying in exile in 451. Its more positive achievement was to canonize the Nicene creed as establishing orthodoxy. In the two years following Ephesus strenuous efforts were made to heal the divisions in the Church. The instrument of agreement, known as the Formula of Reunion, was contained in a letter sent by John of Antioch to Cyril, it ran as follows: We confess, therefore, our Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, perfect God and perfect man composed of a rational soul and body, begotten before the ages from the Father in respect of His divinity, but likewise in these last days for us and our salvation from the Virgin Mary in respect of His manhood, consubstantial with the Father in respect of His divinity and at the same time consubstantial with us in respect of His manhood. For the union(henosis) of two natures has been accomplished. Hence we confess one Christ, one Son, one Lord. In virtue of this conception of a union without confusion we confess the holy Virgin as Theotokos because the divine Word became flesh and was made man and from the very conception united to Himself the temple taken from her. As for the evangelical and apostolic statements about the Lord, we recognise that theologians employ some indifferently in view of the unity of person but distinguish others in view of the duality of natures, applying the God-befitting ones to Christs divinity and the humble ones to His humanity (Antioch, 433). Cyril greeted this formulary with enthusiasm in his letter to John Laetentur coeli. Which was read out at the Council of Chalcedon, part of which I now cite: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We confess, therefore, our Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, perfect God, and perfect Man of a reasonable soul and flesh consisting; begotten before the ages of the Father according to his Divinity, and in the last days, for us and for our salvation, of Mary the Virgin according to his humanity, of the same substance with his Father according to his Divinity, and of the same substance with us according to his humanity; for there became a union of two natures. Wherefore we confess one Christ, one Son, one Lord. According to this understanding of this unmixed union, we confess the holy Virgin to be Mother of God; because God the Word was incarnate and became Man, and from this conception he united the temple taken from her with himselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Chalcedon, 451). After these early great councils of the Church feasts to The Blessed Virgin increased, lots of churches were dedicated to her and in the latter part of the seventh century four new feasts to Mary had started to be celebrated; the Annunciation, the Assumption, the Purification, and the Nativity of The Blessed Virgin Mary. With Pius IX promulgation of the Immaculate Conception in 1854 devotion to our Blessed Lady accelerated, and many appearances of the Blessed Virgin took place. And also at this time many Marian customs grew which included Maytime processions, the wearing of the Miraculous Medal and the Rosary. 1962 saw a major change which happened with Vatican II grounding more firmly in Scripture and liturgy devotion to Mary placing The Blessed Virgin securely in the mystery of the Church. The truth of the Blessed Virgin Marys divine Motherhood and its corresponding dignity are found in these words of the Second Vatican Council: The Virgin Mary, who at the message of the angel received the Word of God in her heart and in her body and gave Life to the world, is acknowledged and honoured as being truly the Mother of God and Mother of the Redeemer. Redeemed by reason of the merits of her Son and united to Him by a close and indissoluble tie, she is endowed with the high office and dignity of being the Mother of the Son of God, by which account she is also the beloved daughter of the Father and the temple of the Holy Spirit. Because of this gift of sublime grace, she far surpasses all creatures, both in heaven and on earth. At the same time, however, because she belongs to the offspring of Adam she is one with all those who are to be saved (Lumen Gentium, 53). The mark of our Blessed Ladys holiness is that she was filled with the grace of God. The Blessed Virgin is the pattern to follow. Giving herself completely with love she was filled with the life of God. Marys Yes to the angels message reveals her part in the work of salvation. And the Angel said: Fear not, Maryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Holy Spirit shall come upon you, and the power of the most High shall overshadow you, and therefore the Holy which shall be born of you shall be called the Son of God (Luke 1:26-35). These are the words of the great mystery of Marys divine motherhood heralded by the angel in Lukes Gospel, their straightforwardness is persuasive as they announce the origin of our religion. In the beginning, they inspired triumphant faith, the faith of the martyrs and the Saints. The faith which will continue to inspire all Christians to the end of time.

J.P. Morgan and Ragtime Essay -- essays research papers

John Pierpont Morgan: The turn of the century in American, when E.L. Doctorow’s novel Ragtime is set, was a time marked by rapid technological developments and industrialization. These years also brought a heavy flood of immigrants as well as an increasingly urban American landscape. Technological advancements enabled increased efficiency and mass production. However, Doctorow clearly brings into question the consequences of this new technology for the average American worker. J.P. Morgan's discussion with Henry Ford about the assembly line’s innovations brings this debate to the front. Doctorow writes, "From these principles Ford established the final proposition of the theory of industrial manufacture - not only that the parts of the finished product be interchangeable, but that the men who build the products be themselves interchangeable parts" (113). Here Doctorow clearly addresses the potential for technology to undermine the value of the individual and his abilities. Banker and industrialist John Pierpont Morgan was one of the world's foremost financial figures in the decades before World War I. He organized railroads and formed the United States Steel Corporation. His wealth and financial management skills were so considerable that he was able to steer the United States Treasury from the brink of disaster. Morgan was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1837, and educated at the University of Gottingen in Germany. In 1871, with members of the Drexel family of Philadelphia, he organized the New York banking firm of Drexel, Morgan & Company. It began lending vast sums to railroad builders and industrial corporations in the 1880s and was later reorganized as J.P. Morgan and Company. As noted by Erin Arvedlund, he was a â€Å"natural born financier [and] loved spreading his bank account among dozens of different foreign currencies.† John Pierpont Morgan and his father established a firm that was later to be known as J.P. Morgan & Co. Throughout Ragtime, E.L. Doctorow constantly refers to the economic status of the families and immigrants. J.P. Morgan’s companies and firms were large employers of these immigrants. His achievements in finance and business greatly affected the families in this novel. Money was something that could break a family apart if it was nonexistent. In 1857, John Pierpont Morgan’s father, Junius Morgan, decided to broaden... ...d genius that man possessed† (Lindstrom). John Pierpont Morgan is considered one of the founding fathers of the modern United States economy. Despite conflicting opinion on his persona, his influence and character shaped the business world more so than any other person at the turn of the century. Morgan was â€Å"a banker, railroad czar, industrialist, financier, philanthropist, yachtsman, and ladies' man† (Jones). He was an industrial genius that is accredited with the founding of many companies including General Electric and AT&T. However, Morgan is looked upon as â€Å"a saint and demon the same† (Arvedlund). He received a honorary degree from Harvard university that read: Public citizen, patron of literature and art, prince among merchants, who by his skill, wisdom and courage, has twice in times of stress repelled a national danger of financial panic. Arvedlund, Erin. Unmasking J.P. Morgan. 2000. 9 Apr. 2003 Doctorow, E.L. Ragtime. New York: Plume, 2003. â€Å"John Pierpont Morgan.† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001 Standard. 2003. Jones, Lisa L. A Collector’s Portait: John Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913). 2003. 9 Apr. 2003 Lindstrom, Diane. John Pierpont Morgan. 2003. 9 Apr. 2003 .

Mcq’s

PMS CSS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE MCQS 1- what plants exhale at night Carbon dioxide 2- velocity of sound M/s3433- 3- Which vitamins not stored in human body? C 4- lake of vitamin c create which disease Skin disease 5-which vitamin helps blood clotting? K 6-Founder of Muslim rule in India? Qutubuddin Abek 7-Razia Sultana belongs to? Slave dynasty 8-Second battle of pani pat fought b/w correct option was not present my answer was none of these(akbar vs himu bakal) 9- Attack fort was constructed By Akbar 10- Marcher lake situated in? Dadu 11- Pakistan number among world  population? 6th 12- share of Punjab among area of Pakistan 5% 13- Length of Khyber pass 53km 14- Uranium resources found in Pakistan? D G khan 15- Mostly part of gobi desert found in ? Magnolia 16- Taklimakan desert found Inxinjaning china 17- Longest river of the world is? Nile 18- Largest sea of the world? South China Sea 19-Largest coastal boundary country? Canada 20- Brazil situated in? South America 21-Which country is peninsula? Saudi Arabia 22- Pakistan situates on which line? 1- equator 2- cancer 3- inecapricorn 4-  none 2- correet answer is option 4 23- McMahan line is situated b/w? India and china 24- Who is david patrias? american general in Afghanistan 5- 1 meter is equal to? 3. 28 foot 26- Caspian sea makes his boundaries with Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan. 27- Largest agency among area in Pakistan? South Waziristan 28- Old name of Iraq? Mesopotamia 29-Blood is red due to? Hemoglobin 30-Marian trance situated near? Philippines 31- Headquarter of ghandhara civilization is? Texila 32- Head quarter of SAARC is situated at? Katmandu 33- Maximum wool producing country is? Australia 34- Official religion of japan is? Shintoism 35- Which element use for producing nuclear fuel? Uranium 36- How many rooku in 30 Para of Quran? 9 37-which is less conductor? 1- iron, 2-copper 3- silver 4-  wood My answer was wood but not satisfied 38-nigara fall lies b/w USA and Canada 39- Which is smallest country of world among area 1- Maldives 2- Malta 3- San Marino 4- Bahrain Correct answer is option 3 San Marino 40-Holy Prophet PBUH appointed governor of Yemen for collection zakat? Hazrat Muaz bin Jabal 41- How many times zakat  mention in Quran? 32 times 42-which Sura gives details among zakat receiver? Sura Tuba 43-where1st wahii nazall hoe? Ghar-e-hira 44- When zakat declared must 2 hijra 45-Light of sun reach in earth 8. 5 mint While other options was 3mint 4mint 6. 5 mint) 46- Headquarter of ILO situated in? Geneva 47- Muslim league name was purposed by? Nawab Saleem Ullah Khan of Dhaka 48- Jaundice is disturb of which part  of body Liver 49- Quaid Azam leaves congress due ton on- cooperative moment by Gandhi 50-in hepatitis which organ disturb? Liver 51- Nisab in the amount of gold? 87. 48 gram (But in paper there was not dot  present b/w 87 and48) 52- Nisab in silver is? 612. 32 gram 53-produce which is equal to nisab? 948kg wheat or equal 54-if a pe rson having millat1800kg whose prize is half among wheat who many rupees he pay zakat zero 5-who was Father of the French Revolution? Jean-Jacques Rousseau – 56-statue of freedom in new york is given by France 57- Wall street is a famous? Stock market in New York 58- Sunlight consists of coolers? a-1 b- 3 c-7 (Not  confirm waiting for reply) 59-theory of relativity is presented by? Einstein 60- Cash crop is? Which not cultivated for own use 61-artificial cultivated area gives amount usher equal  to 1/20 62- If a person obtained something from underground the amount of zakat applicable? 1/5 63-zakat among goat applicable on? 40 goats 64- Amount of zakat among gold silver  and similar things . 5 % 65- A government company obtained 1 billion net profit tell  who much rupees its gives as  a zakat Zero 66-zakat ordinance promulgated on 20 June 1980 67-according to section17 tauluqa committee is equal to tehsil committee 68- dasman palace is residence ofameer kwait 69-pro celain tower is present inchina 70- which muslim organization founded in 1962 71- crtography is the study of secret writing 72-founder of souct momemtRobert Baden-Powell 73- elysee palace is the  residence offrench president 74- second largest population in afghanistan? tajik 75-worldwide spread disease is called? epidemic 6- zakat year start on according to hijra clender 77- zakat year end ? 30 shaban 78- governer appointe chief administer with the consult withfederal government 79- administerator general appointed bypresident 80- The magnitude of earthquake is measured with? Richter Scale 81- Who forwarded the Lahore(Pakistan) Resolution? A. K fazlul haq 82- East India Company came to India in the reign of: A)Shah Jahan B) Jahangir C) Aurangzeb D) Babar 83- The largest Muslim country according to area is? kazakistan 84- Zakat can be spent on:A)Travelers B) Slaves C) Masakin D)All of these 85- Zakat is exempted on:A)Sheep grazing fed free in pastures B) Fruits  C) Vegetables D) All of  them 86- Who was known as the Man of Destiny? nepolin bona part 87- Adam's Peak is in? sri lanka 88- According to the Zakat Ordinance Zakat arrears are collected by? tehsildar 89- Red Cross/Crescent HQ is in? geneva 90-Brain Draintransfer of Skilled labors 91–light year complete direction in1 year 92–musician of antham isAhmed gulami chagla 93- first ushr receive ? 1982-83 rabi crop 94-DZ committe disolved if]member remain not pious 95- if a person failed  to pay zakat what act can do? send a notice. 1) Which of the following rivers crosses the equator twice? ) Congo 2) Which is the longest river of America? b) Mississippi 3) Don is river of ? b) Russia 4) What is the length  of khyber pass? c) 56 km 5) Longest glacier of the world is  Lambert situated in Antarctica, what is it'slength? a) 320 Miles 6) Which of the following lake is most polluted lake in the world? d) Lake eire 7) Tugela water fall is present in? b) South Africa 8) Gota canal is the sh ip canal situated in ? c) Sweden 9) Kiel canal of Germany was opened in  1895 what is it's length? c) 61. 3 miles 10) Erie canal is situated in ? c) USA 11) Houston and Delware canals are present in the country? b) France 2) Grand canal is oldest man made canal for shiping  purpose situated in? b) China 13) Persian Gulf is located in? b) Arabian ocean 14) Sutherland waterfall is present in? a) New-Zealand 15) Hudson Bay is situated in? c) Northern Canada 16) Which is the largest gulf of the world? a) Gulf of Mexico 17) Which is the largest bay of the world? a) Hudson bay 18) Yosemite is a famous waterfall of ? a) USA 19) Strait of Bosporous connects? c) Black sea and sea of  marmara 20) It separates Italy from Sicily? c) Messina 21) Strait of malacca separates? b) Malaysia and indonesia 22) Which of the following straits separate india From Sri Lanka? ) Palk 23) Which of the following straits separate Malaysia from Singapore? b) Johor 24) Budapest is the capital of  Hungary situated on the bank of? c) River Danube 25) Sea of Marmara and Aegean sea are connected by the strait? c) Dardanelles 26) Cook strait separates south New-Zealand from? b) North New-Zealand 27) Paris is the capital of France situated on the bank of? a) Seine 28) English channel separates England from? b) France 29) Agra is very famous city of India due to Taj Mahal, it is situated on thebank of river? c) Jumna 30) Great victoria desert is present in  ? c) Australia †¢ Yome -Afra is called to Hajj day. Name of the place  where the pilgrims go from Arafat: Muzdalfa. †¢ First structure of Kaaba was built by  Adam. †¢ Ibrahim & Ismail rebuilt Kaaba 4500 years ago. †¢ Yum -e-Nahar is called to the Day of Sacrifice. †¢ Yum e Arafat is 9th Zul Hajj. †¢ One khutba is recited during Hajj. †¢ Al -Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded. †¢ Holy prophet sacrificed 63 camels during  hajj. †¢ Adam and Hazrat Hawa performed  the first e ver Hajj. †¢ Running b/w Safa & Marwa seven t imes is called Sayee. †¢ Most important step of Hajj after assuming Ahram is Wuquf. †¢ Waqoof -e-Arfah is the Rukn-e-Azam of Hajj With the performance of Rami on  the 10th Zil -Hajj, the most of the bindings of Hajj on thepilgrim are released. †¢ Three uprigh t stones are called Jamarat. †¢ After Waquf the most important step is Tawaf. †¢ In Hajj there are three obligations (Farz). †¢ Umrah can be performed  at any time throughout the year  except 9th to 11th Zil -Hajj. †¢ Hujjaj stat at Mina for one day, the second d ay at Arafat and the final day, encampment is donefor a night at Muzdalfah, it is called Wuquf. †¢ Who said that Hajj is  greatest of all worships:Imam Malik. †¢ How many undesirable acts of Ihraam are there: six. How many permitted acts of Ihraam are  ther e:Four. †¢ Prohibitions and restructions of Ihram are  8. †¢ The first and the foremost Farz of  Hajj and Umrah is Ihram. †¢ The first and inner most circle around Ka‘ba is Masjid -e-Haram. †¢ The second circle around Kaba is Makkah Mukaramah. †¢ The third circle around Kaba is Haram. †¢ Who firsly fixed boundaries of Haram, the third circle around Kaaba: Adam. †¢ The fourth cirle around Kaba is Mowaqeet. †¢ The place where no one can advance without putting on Ihram is Mowaqeet. †¢ Two thousand years before the creation of Adam, Kaba was constructed. †¢ Angels built Kaba firstly in  the universe. During the Noah‘s time Kaaba disappeared due to flood. †¢ The gate which is the best for the pilgrims to enter in Kaba is Bab -e-Salam. †¢ Hajr -e-Aswad means black stone. †¢ Actual color of Hajr-e-Aswad was white. †¢ The small piece of land  b/wk Rukn -e-Islam and Rukn-e-Yamani is called Hateem. †¢ The place where offering prayer is just like offering prayer inside Kaba is Hateem. †¢ There are fiv e types of Tawaf. †¢ Hajji go to Al -Multazim after completing the seven rounds. †¢ Al -Multazim means the place of holding. †¢ The portion of the wall of Kaba which is b/w its door and Hajr   -e-Aswad is called al-Multazim. Sayee is commenced from Safa and  ends at Marwa. †¢ After performing Say‘ ee Hujjaj go to Mina. †¢ Muzdalfa is a plain. †¢ Muzdalfa is located b/w Mina & Arafat. †¢ Muzdalfa is located six miles from Makkah. †¢ From Mina Muzdalfa is three miles  away. †¢ Muzdalfa is called Sacred Monument in Quran. †¢ At Muzdalfa Maghrib & Isha  prayers are offered together. †¢ Pebbles are collected from  Muzdalfa. †¢ Jamarat which is nearest to Makkah is  called Jamarat -ul-Uqba. †¢ Smallest Jamarat is Jamarat -al-Sughra. †¢ Rami is held at Mina. †¢ Talbiah is stopped after Rami. †¢ Afrad, Qar‘ran and Tamatae are he types of Hajj. †¢ Dhulhulaifah is the Meeqat for the pe ople of Pakistan. †¢ Dhulhulaifah is a point six mile  from Madina. islamic history month wise outlines Muharram-ul-Haram 1st – Start of new Islamic year2nd – Arrival of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) in Karbala – (61 A. H. )7th – Access to water was blocked from the  camp of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) – the 3rd Holy Imam – (61 A. H. )10th – Ashoora – Martyrdom of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) and his companions – (61 A. H. )11th – Prophet Mohammad(sawaw)‘s family was shackled a nd taken away as prisoners 12th – Soyem of the martyrs of Karbala 16th –Change of direction of qibla from Bait-al-maqdas to Kaaba – (2 A. H. )17th – Attack of Abraha‘s army on Khana -e-Kaaba (1 Aamul Feel)25th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (95 A. H. ) Safar-ul-Muzaffar 1st – Battle of Siffin – (36-37 A. H. )3rd – Birth of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) – the 5th Holy Imam – (57 A. H. ) [Disputed date]6th, 8th or 13th – Martyrdom of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) – (61 A. H. ) 7th – Birth of Imam Moosa al-Kazim(a. s. ) – the 7th Holy Imam – (128 A. H. ) 7th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) – the 2nd Holy Imam – (50 A. H. ) [Disputed date] 7th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) – the 8th Holy Imam – (203 A. H. )19th – Abraha attacked Khana-e-Kaaba – (1 Aamul Feel)20th – Arbaeen of martyrs of Karbala 28th – Wisal of Prophet  Muhammad(sawaw) – (11 A. H. )28th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) – the 2nd Holy Imam – (50 A. H. )29th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) – the 8th Holy Imam – (203 A. H. ) [Disputed date] Rabi-al-Awwal 1st – Hijrat-e-Madina – Start of Islamic Hijri calendar4th – Dea th of Hazrat Fatima  Masooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) – (201 A. H. ) [Disputed date]8th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan Askari(a. s. ) – he 11th Holy Imam – (260 A. H. ) 8th – Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam(a. s. )9th – Eid-e-Zahra(s. a. )10th – Death of Hazrat Abdul Mutallib(a. s. ) – grand father of Prophet  Muhammad(sawaw) 10th – Marriage of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) and Hazrat Khadija(s. a. )15th – Building of Masjid-e-Quba – the first Masjid in Islam – (1 A. H. )17th – Birth of  Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) – (53 years before Hijra) 17th – Birth of Imam Jafer Sadiq(a. s. ) – the 6th Holy Imam – (82 A. H. )25th – Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) Rabi-us-Sani 8th or 10th – Birth of Imam Hasan Askari(a. . ) – the 11th Holy Imam – (232 A. H. )10th – Death of Hazrat Fatima Masooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) – (201 A. H. ) [Disputed date] Jamadi-al-Awwal 5th – Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) – (5 A. H. )13th – Death of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) – (11 A. H. )15th – Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (38 A. H. ) [Disputed date] 17th – Battle of Jamal – (36 A. H. ) Jamadi-us-Sani 10th – Battle of Mauta and martyrdom of Hazra Jafer Tayyar(a. s. ) – (3 A. H. )13th – Death of Hazrat Umm-ul-Baneen – Mother of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. ) 20th – Birth of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) Rajab-ul-Murrajjab st – Birth of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) – the 5th Holy Imam – (57 A. H. )2nd or 5th – Birth of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) – the 10th Holy Imam – (214 A. H. )3rd – Martyrdom of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) – the 10th Holy Imam – (254 A. H. ) 10th – Birth of Imam Mohammad Taqi  al-Jawwa d(a. s. ) – the 9th Holy Imam – (195 A. H. )12th – Death of Hazrat Abbas ibn-e-Abdul Muttalib(a. s. ) – uncle of Prophet  Mohammad(sawaw)13th – Birth of Imam Ali(a. s. ) – the 1st Holy Imam – (30 Aamul Feel) 13th, 14th, 15th – Ayyam-e-Bayd – the bright days15th – Death of Hazrat Zainab bin-e-Ali(a. s. ) – (62 A. H. )20th Birth of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) – (57 A. H. ) 24th – Battle of Khaibar – (7 A. H. )25th – Martyrdom of Imam Moosa-e-Kazim(a. s. ) – the 7th Holy Imam – (183 A. H. )26th – Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) [Disputed date] 27th – Event of Mairaj – Ascension of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) towards heavens28th – Start of journey of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) towards Karbala – (60 A. H. )29th – Battle of Tabooq – (9 A. H. ) Shabaan-ul-Moazzam 1st – Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) â⠂¬â€œ (5 A. H. ) 3rd – Birth of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) – the  3rd Holy Imam – (4 A. H. )4th – Birth of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. – (26  A. H. )5th – Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (38 A. H. ) 7th – Birth of Hazrat Qasim ibn-e-Hasan(a. s. ) –  (48 A. H. )8th – Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam – (260A. H. ) 11th – Birth of Hazrat Ali  Akbar(a. s. ) – (44 A. H. )13th, 14th, 15th – Ayyam-e-Bayd – the bright days14th – Evening – Aamal of Neema-e-Shabaan 15th – Birth of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam – (255  A. H. ) 238. The commandment for observing Fast has been stipulated in the Surah†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦   Al-Baqara239. What is atonement for breaking the Fast?To feed 60 people240. It is a door through which fast observing people would enter pa radise. Bab-ul-Riyan241. Which important night falls in Ramzan? Lailat-ul-Qadr242. How many days are forbidden for fasting throughout the year? 5243. In which month virtues flourish and evil is suppressed? Ramzan244. What is the meaning of Aitekaf? Seclusion245. Aitekaf during the month of Ramzan is. Wajib246. Which Rukn-e-Islam is called as shield? Fasting247. Which is the Third fundamental pillar of Islam? Fasting248. When Siyyam of Ramzan was ordered? 2 A. H 249. Tarawih is a prayer of Ramzan. It means†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. To stand250.Which important Ghazwa was fought in the very first Ramzan? Badr251. Who arranged Namaz-e-Tarawih in the leadership of Imam? Hazrat Umar (R. A) 252. Literally meaning of Hajj is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The will of visit 254. Hajj was made obligatory in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 A. H253. Yome- Afra is called†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hajj Day 254. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Hajj in his life. One 255. Hajj is a pilgrimage of†¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Holy Kabba256. When did the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) offer Hajj? 10 A. H 257. There are†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. types of Hajj. Three258. In which Surah Hajj has been commanded? Al-Baqara259. How many camels the Holy Prophet (PBUH) scarified? 63260. Shoot meansOne tawaf of Kabba 261. The day of sacrifice during Hajj is called†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Yum-e-Nehr262. The rite of offering sacrifice is performed atMina 263. Jamarat on 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th of the Zil Hajj is performed in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Mina264. Which two prayers are offered together at Muzdalifa on the 9th Zil-ul-Hajj? Maghrib-Isha 265. The number of Khutbas during the Hajj is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. One266. The first Hajj was performed byHazrat Adam (A. S), Hazrat Hawa (A. S)267. Who built the first structure of the holy Kabba? Hazrat Adam (A. S)268. What is the fundamental pillar of Islam which requires both physical and financialsacrifices? Hajj269.Literally Jihad meansTo strive hard 27 0. Jihad was ordained on Muslims through a Quranic verse in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(A. H)   2nd271. The battle was forbidden i n Arabs in the month of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Muharram272. The word Jihad is derived from the wordJuhada 273. The meaning of Jihad fi Sbil Allah is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Fighting in the way of Allah274. What is the meaning of Qital? Fighting275. How many encounters took place between the Muslims and non-Muslims during the lifeof the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? 82276. What is the meaning of Rukn? Support277. What is the plural f Rukn? Arkan278. What is said to Namaz in Arabic? Salat279. What are the meanings of Salat?Rehmat, Barkat280. When Namaz was ordered? On 27th Rajab 10th Hijri on the occasion of Mehraj281. What is the difference between Kufr and Islam? Namaz282. Name the five NamazFajar, Zuhar, Asar, Maghrib, Isha 283. Describe the Farz Rakaats of each NamazFajar 2, Zuhar 4, Asar 4, Maghrib 3, Isha 4284. What are the Farz of Namaz (Salat)? Qayyam, Rakoo, Sajda 285. Which kind of worship is liked by Allah? Namaz286. When Wazoo was ordered? 5 Hijra287. When Azan was started? 1 Hijra288. When Tayammum was ordered? 5 Hijra289. Namaz-Ba-Jamaat is how much better than individual Namaz? 27 times290. In which timings the Namaz is prohibited?Sun rising, suns setting, sun at the mid291. When first azan was read in Kabba? 9 Hijri, on the occasion of conquest of Makah292. Which Namaz Allah likes among Nafli Namaz? Namaz-e-Tahajat293. What the Namaz-e-Jumma and Eids create in Muslims? Collectiveness (Gathering)294. When is Namaz-e-Kasoof read? At the time of Solar eclipse295. When Namaz-e-Kauf is read? When no rains296. How many Takbeers are in Namaz-e-Janaza? Four297. When the order for Tahweel-e-Qibla was made? 2 Hijri298. When first Namaz of Eid-ul-Fitr was read? 1st Shawal, 2 Hijri 1. On Judgement Day, what will be asked first? Namaz2.How many times word Zakat is used in Makki Surahs? 22 times3. What is the rate of usher for canal irrigated Zameen ? 5 per cent or 1/54. Who are not entitled to get Zakat? Parents, Husband, wife and children5. What is the 4th Rukn (pillar) of Islam? Roza (fasting)6. How many Arkan Roza has? Three, to restrict eating, drinking and sexual intercourse7. What are the objectives of Roza? Taqwa, Zabti-Nafas, Shukar8. What we say to 1st Ashra of Ramzan catacomb of fractures and discharge at the lowest point around the reservoir and the Indus River. Damming the Indus has already caused a number of environmental problems that have not yetaddressed.Silt deposited in the proposed Kalabagh dam would further curtail the water storagecapacity of Manchar Lake and other lakes and of wetlands like Haleji Lake. President General Musharraf and other leaders, such as Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, have   promised ? iron -clad' constitutional guarantees to ensure that Sindh gets its fair share of water. However, these assurances mean little to most Sindhis, who point out that even the earlier 1991Indus Water-Sharing Accord, which is a document already guaranteed by the constitutional body, the Council of Common Interests, has been violated,  and that Punjab has ? tolen† their water. The objection to Kalabagh in Sindh is widespread. Even political parties of Sindh that are in thecentral cabinet and are supported by General Musharraf, such as the MQM, have stronglydenounced the dam. NWFP viewpointThe NWFP has two main objections to the dam. While the reservoir will be in the NWFP, the  dam's electricity-generating turbines will be justacross the provincial border in Punjab. Therefore, Punjab would get royalties from the centralgovernment in Islamabad for generating electricity. Contrary to this,  however, Punjab has agreednot to accept any royalties from the Kalabagh Dam.The fact that the  NWFP will suffer theadverse consequences of the reservoir but not get royalties is seen as unfair. Concerns that large areas of Nowshera district would be submerged by the dam and even widerareas would suffer from waterlogging and salinity  as has occurred with the  Tarbela Dam. Balochistan viewpointThe dam does not directly affect the Baloch as such. Rather, most nationalist Baloch Sardars seesthe dam as another instance of Punjab lording it over the smaller provinces. By opposing the damthey are signaling their disaffection with being the  poorest province and most neglected of all indevelopment.In reality Balochistan can only get more water and its due share after theconstruction of Kalabagh dam and Kachhi canal. The Common Man's ViewpointMajority of people of Pakistan are against the construction Kalabagh dam, as its construction canprove a danger to sustain the unification of provinces under the name ‘Pakistan'. The only peoplewho want the construction of Kalabagh dam can be classified into two groups: The first is thehigh ranked officers of Pakistan army, who  will be granted farmlands to be  irrigated by Kalabaghdam after the retirements (in fact thes e are the  most powerful supporters of dam).The secondgroup is the political leaders of Punjab; since the issue has turned out be a war between Sindh andPunjab, so by favouring the construction of Dam, Punjabi politicians can maintain their vote-bank. The only reason why President Pervaiz Musharaf favours Kalabhgh dam is because he needs the support of Punjab to sustain his dictatorship in the country. All the ? oppressed' provinces (Sindh, NWFP and Balochistan) of the country has already expressed a huge concernover the construction of dam, specially in Sindh where every single street has observed the protestagainst the dam.The people of these oppressed provinces do not believe in any guarantee from ? Punjabiz' Pakistani government as it has already do ne many decisions against theconstitution/treaties, for example, the regulation of water in Chashma-Jehlem link canal. AnalysisMost independent analysts believe that the foremost problem with the proposed dam at Kalabaghis one of a trust deficit between the Punjab on one side and the other three provinces on the other. The noted columnist, Ayaz Amir suggested that the people of Punjab should redefine theirassumptions about the rest of Pakistan and distribution of resources.A layman of Punjab does notunderstand why the rest of Pakistan does not trust Punjab. The answer, according to Amir, lies inthe frequent coups staged by the Pakistan Army (which is overwhelmingly Punjabi in itscomposition), as well as the Army's extra-constitutional intervention and influence in publicsector and civil institutions of the country in general and Sindh in  particular. Now no province isready to trust the Punjab. All Pakistanis agree that Pakistan faces a severe water shortage, and that some form of watermanagement must be implemented soon.Many point out that even if work on Kalabagh were tostart tomorrow, it would still take at least eight  years to complete and commission  such a largedam. In the meantime, the water sit uation would continue to worsen. Smaller dams, barrages, andcanals must be built before that, and water conservation techniques introduced. The WAPDA for years repeatedly changed its statistics on the dam, to the point where no-one inPakistan now believes any of its figures. Government of Pakistan formed a technical committee,headed by A.N. G. Abbasi, to study the technical merits of the Kalabagh dam vis-a-vis the othertwo. The four-volume technical report concluded that Bhasha or Katzarah dam should be builtbefore Kalabagh, further complicating matters. To make matters even more complex, the reportalso stated that Kalabagh and Bhasha Dams could be considered feasible. The abrupt way in which President General Musharraf announced the decision to build the dam,simply overruling the objections of the smaller states, has sharply polarised public opinion.In Punjab the view is one of  ?†¦ its high time! † while in the other states, especially Sindh,  the reactionhas been o ne of ?†¦ over my dead body!?. The fact that the General literally dragged so controversial an issue off the backburner and thrustit into national centre stage without considering  the predictable reactions from the smallerprovinces has left many aghast. Much has been said in the press, and the issue is still far frombeing resolved. KAROONJHAR DAMKaroonjhar Dam is a dam in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan.MANGLA DAMAs per the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained rights for the Ravi, Sutlej and Beasrivers, while Pakistan, in addition to waters of above three rivers in her area and some monetarycompensation, got rights to develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins. Until 1967, theentire irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated flows of the  Indus and itsmajor tributaries. The agricultural yield was very low for a  number of reasons, the  most importantbeing a lack of water during critical growing  periods.This problem stemmed from t he seasonalvariations in the river flow and the absence of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of  surplus water during periods of high river  discharge. The Mangla Dam was the first development project undertaken to reduce this shortcoming andstrengthen the irrigation system. The dam was  damaged partially during an  Indian Air Forcebombing in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the hydel project was hit by the bombs. The Mangla Dam projectThe Mangla Dam, the twelfth largest dam and third largest earth-filled dam in the world, is only115 km southeast of Rawalpindi.One has to turn left from Dina Town and the dam on riverJhelum is about 14 km to the east. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 100miles southeast of the federal capital, Islamabad. The main structures of the dam include 4embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a power station. The main dam is 10,300 feet long and 454 feet high (above core trench) with a re servoir of 97. 7square miles. Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1. 13MAF, and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4. 5 MAF from the actual design of  5. 88 MAF. The live capacity has declined to 4. 58 MAF from 5. 34 MAF. This implies a reductionof 19. 22% in the capacity of the dam. The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used forirrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its  tributaries. Its secondary function was to generateelectrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of  the reservoir. The project wasnot designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from itsuse for irrigation and water supply.In the centre of the dam there is a Gakkhar Fort from where one can have a panoramic view of thelake. MIRANI DAMMirani Dam is located in Gwadar District, Balochistan,  Pakistan. Mirani Dam multipurposeproject, is loc ated on Dasht River, about 30 miles west of Turbat in Makran Division of  Balochistan, it envisages provision of dependable irrigation supplies for the development ref  irrigated agriculture on the two banks of the river. The project have been completed in November2006 and inaugurated by president Pervaiz of Pakistan.SHAKIDOR DAMThe Shakidor (Shadi Kor) dam is located near Pasni, in the Balochistan province of south westPakistan, 1,900 km (1,180 miles) from Islamabad and has a length of about 148 meters (485 feet). It was built in 2003, at a  cost of 45 million rupees (758,853 dollars), to provide irrigation water tothe nearby farms. On February 10, 2005, the dam burst under the pressure of a weeks' worth of rain, killing at least70 villagers and dragging their bodies  to the Arabian Sea. The  Pakistani military was sent intoemergency Search and Rescue operations, saving 1,200 people but still having to account for over400 missing.SUKKAR BARRAGEThe Sukkur barrage is a barr age across the Indus river near the city of Sukkur, Pakistan. It wasbuilt during the British Raj from 1923 to 1932 as the Lloyd Barrage to  help alleviate faminescaused by lack of rain. The barrage enables water to flow through what was originally a 6166-mile long network of canals, feeding the  largest irrigation system in the world, with more than  5million acres (20,000 km? ) of irrigated land. The retaining wall has sixty-six spans, each 60 feet wide; each span has a gate which weighs 50tons.TARBELA DAMTarbela Dam (or the National Dam), the world's largest earth-filled dam on one of the world'smost important rivers – the Indus-, is 103  km from Rawalpindi near Haripur District. It is a majorsource of Pakistan's total hydroelectric capacity. Tarbela Dam is part of the Indus Basin Project,which resulted from a water treaty signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, guaranteeingPakistan water supplies independent of upstream control by India. Construction began in 19 68,and was completed in 1976 at a cost of Rs. 18. 5 billion. Over 15,000 Pakistani and 800 foreignworkers and engineers worked during its construction.It is the biggest hydel power station inPakistan having a capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity. The dam has a volume of  138,600,000 cubic yards (106,000,000 m? ). With a reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet(13. 69 km? ), the dam is 469  feet (143 m) high and 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest whiletotal area of the lake is 260 sq. km. It helps to maintain the flow of the Indus during seasonalfluctuations. A new, smaller hydroelectric power project has been developed downstream known as the GhaziBarotha Hydel Power Project.It is solely for  generating electricity and has a  water channel withthe highest flow in the world. While the dam has fulfilled its purpose in  storing water for agricultural use in Pakistan,  there havebeen environmental consequences to the Indus river delta. Reductions of seasonal flooding andreduced water flows to the delta have decreased mangrove stands and the abundance of some fishspecies. Permits are required for visiting the Dam. Please contact Public Relations Officer (PRO), Waterand Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Tarbela (Tel: 051-568941-2).A No-ObjectionCertificate (NOC) from the Ministry of Interior (Shaheed-e-Millat Sectt. ), Islamabad is alsorequired for foreign visitors. DIAMER-BHASHA DAMDiamer-Bhasha Dam is the name of a dam that has been planned in the Northern Areas of  Pakistan on the River Indus. It is located about 314 km upstream of Tarbela Dam and about 165km downstream of Gilgit. The dam is expected to create a large reservoir with a gross capacity of  7. 3 million-acre feet (9 km? ) submerging large tracts of land  in the Diamer district. The dam issupposed to have a power generation capacity of 3. 60 megawatts and is expected to considerableease up the skewed hydro to thermal power generation ratio in Pakistan. It is expect ed that thedetailed drawings of the dam would be completed by March 2008, immediately after whichconstruction work shall begin. TANDA DAM (RAMSAR SITE)Tanda Dam is lcated in  Kohat District, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. The sitecomprises a small water storage area in  semi-arid hills in the  catchments of the Kohat Toi River. Although most of the shoreline is steep, stony and devoid of aquatic vegetation, at the west endthere are some areas of gently shelving muddy shores with a small amount of emergent

Healthcare Management Essay

Executive Summary There are over 850,000 physicians practicing in the United States today, covering every imaginable specialty and sub-specialty (Young, Chaudhry, Rhyne, & Dugan, 2011). According to the World Health Organization (2000), even though our country spends more money per capita than any other country in the world, the USA ranks 37 out of the top 191 countries in the world in terms of overall health system performance. Although there are many reasons for this poor performance, several experts cite the lack of emphasis on primary care and true preventative medicine in the US (The Commonwealth Fund Commission on a High Performance Health System, 2011). This is a proposal to create a community ambulatory health center in a suburban community that would provide the setting for training family medicine residents. The establishment of such a center would allow a hospital to provide better primary care services to the uninsured and underinsured patients in its community. It may also help reduce unnecessary emergency room visits as well as hospital readmissions by providing quality care to these patients. A training program would also improve the hospital’s ability to recruit and retain actively admitting primary care physicians. The proposal discusses the process for choosing the center’s location, funding models, administrative structures, as well as staffing and architectural requirements. Strategy of Service Lines and Location As mentioned in the executive summary, it is well known that many communities in the US could benefit from increased access to primary care services (Commonwealth Fund Commission, 2011). Even within suburban communities that may appear seemingly affluent, there are often significant socioeconomically challenged populations. The parent hospital would have to conduct a SWOT analysis, to identify its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Longest & Darr, 2008). In this case, the presence of a family medicine residency program is a great strength, both in clinical and economic ways. Family medicine residents (and their faculty) are well versed in current, best standards of care. Graduate medical education often provides significant revenue streams, as described below. Up to four residents can work under the supervision of a single faculty  physician; often the number of patients seen in a residency clinic far exceeds that of a private office. Weaknesses include the presence of other residency clinics in the region, as well as difficulties recruiting quality residents to a new training program that has no established reputation. It can also be difficult to recruit and retain skilled and motivated faculty physicians for progams, as the compensation for such academic positions is often less than that of purely clinical posts. Threats to this proposal include changes in GME funding (external environment) and the possibility of the residency program losing its accreditation (internal and external environment). In scanning the external environment of the organization, it is possible to identify specific geographic locations that have significant numbers of uninsured/underinsured patients (but still within the hospital’s catchment area). It would also have to be convenient to public transportation, such as bus stops, subway stations, or railroad stations. Analysis of the various economic, political, demographic, and regulatory sectors would also identify the best time and location to create such a clinic. Significant forecasting would also have to confirm that the current external environment would not change in a way that would significantly worsen the chances for the clinic’s success. The creation of this new community health center would fall under the hospital’s directional strategy, as most hospital’s mission and vision statements include caring for the needy in their communities (Longest & Darr, 2008). Management and Personnel Structure Being a hospital-owned facility, a hospital administrator would be the senior manager / liaison; this would most likely be the Vice President for Ambulatory Affairs or Chief Medical Officer. The organization itself would have two chief administrators reporting to the hospital liaison; an Administrative Director (who would be the middle manager responsible for the overall management and vision of the center) and a Medical Director (who would be responsible for clinical activities, supervision, and initiatives). The Medical Director might well be the hospital’s department Chair of Family Medicine. The family medicine residency program would require a full-time physician serving as both Director of Medical Education and residency Program Director. The residency itself would have 24 residents.  In order to maintain an appropriate ratio of preceptors to trainees, there would need to be at least 4 full-time faculty attending physicians (American Osteopathic Association, 2011) An office supervisor (first-level manager) would be responsible for the day-to-day operations in the front (reception) and back (finance) portions of the office. In the front office, the practice would need 3 receptionists who would register patients upon their arrival and answer telephone calls. They would also verify patients’ insurance status. The back office would require 2 coders who would be responsible for verifying correct coding for practice visits, submit claims, and process payments from both patients and third-party payors. Another clerical staff member would be needed to process pre-authorizations and referrals (both incoming and outgoing). Finally, a charting person would be needed (even in an electronic medical record-equipped practice) to accommodate incoming paper / faxed documents. The middle (clinical) part of the office, would require 2 medical assistants who would be responsible for bringing patients from the waiting room into the appropriate area (exam room, laboratory, or procedure room) and triage them (taking and recording vital signs, documenting the chief complaint, and verifying medications and allergies). A registered nurse and licensed practical nurse would be needed to administer vaccinations and medications. Finally, a phlebotomist / lab assistant would be needed to perform venipuncture’s, prepare specimens, and perform CLIA-waived tests. The registered nurse would also serve as the Clinical Supervisor (first-level manager) for the clinical support staff. Funding Model Medicare is the primary formal financier of graduate medical education programs, contributing 72 percent of all tax-financed support. Other federal payors include Medicaid (11 percent), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (10 percent), the U.S. Department of Defense (3 percent), and the Bureau of Health Professions (3 percent) (Young & Coffman, 1998). A teaching hospital will receive direct medical education (DME) payments cover the cost of resident and faculty stipends and benefits, and overhead costs that are directly related to the teaching programs, such as ambulatory  office space. Hospitals also receive funding for indirect medical education (IME) costs because teaching hospitals have more complex case mixes, more uninsured patients, and provided services that were costly but not necessarily well reimbursed, such as trauma centers and transplants units (Cymet & Chow, 2011). These payments are, on average, total $100,000 per resident per year. However, over the last 20 years, the federal government has either frozen GME funding or in some cases, reduced it significantly (especially under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997) (Phillips, et al., 2004). Currently, the family medicine residents in this proposal do result in a net gain for the hospital. With an average salary of $45,000 plus $20,000 in benefits, the hospital stands to net $35,000 per resident. For a program of 24 residents (8 in each year), the hospital would have a net income of $840,000 from Medicare GME funding. Each of the faculty physicians would have their own clinical practice (about 0.25 FTE), so they would bill Medicare and third-party payors for their services. They would have a productivity plan whereby each month they would receive 25% of their revenue after fulfilling their monthly salary/benefit costs. Physical Characteristics / Layout of the Facility Because of the educational nature of the practice (i.e. a residency teaching clinic), the physical layout of the facility has specific needs. In the front portion of the office, the waiting room needs to have ample seating to allow for extended wait times associated with teaching clinics. The waiting room would also have to be child-friendly, with easily disinfected toys (i.e. no stuffed animals). Because many potential patients will have to apply for Medicaid or hospital-based charity programs, it would be ideal to have an office (or at least a kiosk) where a financial coordinator could meet with patients in a private area. Since this would be a multi-specialty practice with dozens of residents and attending physicians, there would need to be a large number of exam rooms, perhaps 18, all with exam tables equipped with stirrups to accommodate pelvic exams, Pap smears, and STD testing. There would also need to be a large procedure room to accommodate the need for various gynecological (colposcopy, endometrial biopsy, IUD placement/removal, etc.) and other types of procedures (suturing, biopsies. etc.). The center would also have a spacious area dedicated to residents for  charting and research, as well as two precepting rooms where clinical cases can be discussed with faculty physicians. There would be a conference room equipped with a computer and LCD projector for presentations and discussions. Numerous computer workstations throughout the clinic would allow access to an electronic medical records system. One exam room could be equipped for videotaping that is used (with the patient’s permission) to observe residents as they demonstrate the core competencies while providing patient care. The center would need a laboratory for the collection and processing of blood and other specimens. In order to avoid the same stringent regulations and testing associate with a hospital or reference laboratory, the center would only perform CLIA-waived tests such as finger-stick blood glucose testing, throat cultures, and urine dipstick analysis (CDC and CMS, 2006). The building would al so ideally have offices for each of the faculty attending physicians, as well as for administrative and support staff. Clinical Practice As mentioned previously, this community health center would offer multiple specialties. The main service would be primary care. Family medicine residents, under the supervision of faculty preceptors, would provide general internal medical, pediatric, obstetric (pre- and post-natal), and gynecologic care to patients of all ages. Additionally, other specialty physicians would be available for special â€Å"clinics†: obstetrics (perinatal) and advanced gynecology twice a week, dermatology once a week, and general surgery, gastroenterology, pulmonology, cardiology, and urology once a month. These specialty services are essential in serving the needs of the target population: uninsured and underinsured (i.e. Medicaid) patients who are unable to see these specialists in private practice. Credentialing The Chair of Family Medicine is responsible for maintaining records of each attending physician’s credentials. These would include a New York State Medical License (with updated registration), DEA registration (to prescribe controlled substances), copies of medical school and residency diplomas, proof of board certification (and maintenance), records of continuing  medical education, and CPR/Advanced Cardiac Life Support training cards. The Director of Medical Education / Residency Program Director is responsible for maintaining records for each resident physician such as their medical school diplomas/transcripts, licensing examination transcripts, ACLS training, and signed residency contracts. Local zoning and legal concerns Consideration must be given as to the choice of commercial property for this ambulatory health center. The ideal location would be a pre-existing medical office building that has already been zoned for a medical practice, and has the required number of parking spaces (especially handicapped) and adequate access in and out of the building. A multi-level building must have elevators that are compliant with ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) regulations. In County, a Certificate of Need must be granted before a new healthcare facility can be built. There are also village and town zoning ordinances that must be considered when modifying or creating a medical office building . The center would fall under the jurisdiction of the same regulatory bodies as that of its parent hospital, and would be setup as a not-for-profit organization, since a significant portion of its care would be uncompensated.

Maternity and Masters in Education Essays

Maternity and Masters in Education Essays Maternity and Masters in Education Essay Maternity and Masters in Education Essay Having taught third grade for the last six years I am well entrenched in my school district where I have really come to be at home with the kids, their parents, and our extended school community. But at this time in my life I was taking a break from teaching every day as I stayed home with my newborn daughter. I was on long term maternity leave from my school with a year ahead of me to be with my child and enjoy the many milestones that were going to take place over the coming months. I was thrilled to have the opportunity to have this time with my baby but I was also looking at this period of time as an opportunity to further my education. I had long wanted to pursue my Masters in Education. But the reality was that I was not able to put the hours into teaching that I needed to in order to be successful and get my Masters Degree at the same time. I had taken some classes over my summer breaks in addition to working a part time job. But this time I would have uninterrupted time to really focus on my studies. But because I was home with my baby driving to a college campus like I had been doing in the summers was simply out of the question. I chose instead to go after an online Masters in Education. With an online degree program I could sit at the computer when my daughter was sleeping and do my school work – and I would never have to be away from her in order to get my education. This online Masters in Education program was the absolute greatest opportunity at this time in my life – a chance to be with my daughter and further my education.

Effective Study Skills Joe Student

Effective Study Skills Joe Student Explaining Effective Study SkillsMr. Student, it has been brought to my attention that you believe that you can work full-time at Domino's and pursue an online degree in Business Management without modifying your study habits that you used in high school. If this is in fact your intention; please allow me to offer you some insight.Online/Distance learning is "No Joke", Joe. I am actually taking that same course that you have registered for right now. I can assure you that those old tricks from high school are not going to be sufficient enough for distance learning.You may be used to sitting in a conventional class room where you would listen to your teacher give blocks of instruction as he/she summarized the chapter for the class while you took notes. You are probably used to getting together with study groups as well. You may even be used to having your questions answered on the spot by your teachers and class mates.Mesa Distance Learning ProgramI know that you are used to having yo ur books on hand to flip through the pages for quick reference.Online/Distance learning is quite the opposite of what you are used to from high school. For instance, you will never actually meet your Instructor or class mates. Every thing you do is via the internet/computer to include your books. No one is at class at the same time, so you will never get quick/on the spot answers for any of your questions. You will have to read all your material for assignments well enough in advance that you will have ample time to wait for an answer to any questions you may have pertaining to an assignment. There are no study groups either; you are expected to understand and do your own work, which means that you will...

A Lack of Tech-Friendly Policies Means US Could Loose Its Lead Essay Sample

The article â€Å"A Lack of Tech-Friendly Policies Means US Could Loose Its Lead† provides relevant treatment about deficiency of proper proficient inventions in the state. It is argued that the state strongly lacks proficient geographic expeditions. new in-migration workers policy and more low-cost instruction. The writer references that the US is a state with tremendous resources. venture capital and the best universities. but the state should move quicker to keep world’s taking place in technological domain. I think that the article is really of import for country’s policy because it highlights current jobs and challenges. Nowadays engineerings are fleetly developing in many Asiatic states. particularly in China. Japan and Korea. and. in my sentiment. the US authorities should pay more attending to policies which encourage and promote technological inventions and scientific geographic expeditions in the energetic field. Actually. the state has adept applied scientists to interchange information and proper resources to use. It goes without stating that the US is really powerful state in all domains. but nowadays the country’s authorities wages attending to contending terrorist act. war in Iraq. and racial favoritism and neglects the bedrock of economic issues which are considered the nucleus of country’s fight at the world’s scene. I agree with the writer that â€Å"innovation starts from education† . and the fact that â€Å"too many pupils are dropping out of school. and excessively few are analyzing math and science† is truly dissatisfactory for me. I think that making more occupations. actuating pupils to larn. and increasing productiveness will excite technological development of the state. The writer is really persuasive as he offers relevant grounds and claims of cardinal political figures to escalate the feeling and do people cognizant of bing jobs. However. I don’t like the thoughts of working out new atom bombs. Space missions. in my sentiment. are of import as they help to understand our universe better.

One word description speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One word description speech - Essay Example Well, this is not competition but rather trying to determine where I need to improve on. It is worth noting that my confidence and enthusiasm also complements my greatest trait. I socialize a lot because I believe in the power of being together and sharing. In fact, I believe that my social nature helps me deals with anxiety, depression and anger. I have human nature and believe that honesty is one of the avenues of success. Just not to keep you waiting for long, I was trying to justify my major trait; which is ambitious. That is the kind of a person I am. Just to add on top, being an ambitious person has enabled me to be very organized, academically prepared and successful in various situations. As they say, each and every human has the weakness and the strength side of him/herself. My weakness is that I sometimes solve my problems in a simple way; that sometimes do not give me the ultimate solutions to the problem I am faced. To summarize it all, my ambition is my strength and I believe it is my driver to

Noise Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Noise Pollution - Essay Example General Characteristics of sound in relation to Noise pollution Sound is made up of longitudinal waves that travel through air and cause certain materials to vibrate and create sound. The common characteristics of sound are intensity, frequency, amplitude and velocity. Sound cannot travel in outer space because it is a vacuum. (Ron Kurtus, 2009) According to Kurtus atoms and molecules that float in outer space are too far apart to actually cause any vibration or sound. A loud explosion in outer space would hardly be heard because of the vacuum. Unlike electromagnetic waves that easily travel through space through electrical and magnetic fields, sound waves are caused due to vibration of matter. (Ron Kurtus, 2009) Sound intensity in relation to Noise Pollution The intensity of sound varies from human to human due to varying hearing sensitivity and therefore cannot be generalized. Sounds which could be normal for some could be harsh for others. Sound frequencies ranging between 1000 Hz and 5000 Hz seem most sensitive to the human ear. However, a normal human ear with the right hearing ability has the lowest threshold of approximately 4000 Hz for comfortable hearing. When sound intensity goes beyond this threshold it tends to impact on the ear causing damage. Such intense sounds include loud explosions, blasts, crashes and noise from heavy machinery etc. Prolonged exposure to such intensity of sounds is liable to lead to permanent damage. Sound intensity is described as the average rate of sound energy flow across a perpendicular surface in the line of propagation. Sound intensity is measured by special units, namely, bel and decibel which are logarithmic. If there is an increase of 1 bel, the intensity of the sound increases ten fold. An increase of 1 dB increases the intensity by approximately 25% and the change in audibility can hardly be detected. The threshold for human hearing is 0 dB sound intensity. The intensity of sound decreases as distance is increased . (www.physicsclassroom.com) Frequency of Noise Pollution The frequency of noise pollution is as important as its intensity and therefore prolonged or frequent exposure to noise is another contributing factor that lowers an individual’s quality of life. The intensity of sound that exceeds above 90dB or even lesser but recurs repeatedly over long periods of time either at work or ones own home, is sure to cause damage to the ear. Damage leads to a deterioration in audibility and could progress into permanent loss of hearing if not checked in time. Therefore, it is advisable to use hearing protectors especially when exposed to noisy environments on a regular basis. Noise pollution in relation to the quality of life Noise pollution is a major contributing factor to discomfort and stress in human beings. In fact it is a crucial threat to an individual’s quality of life especially for those who work in factories and industries with heavy machinery that creates a lot of soun d. In this contemporary age, the latest technology brought about by industrialization poses a major threat to human beings as well as causing ecological damage. Noise pollution is no more only an urban problem because even in rural areas noise from heavy machinery from industries or factories and farm implements have added to the problem.

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy - Essay Example Organized Financial 7,647,000,000 revenues in 1992, 19% market share, cheap loans yes yes yes yes Physical 15 manufacturing facilities, efficient transport mechanisms yes yes yes yes Technological Improved fuselage, forward facing crew cockpits, Laser guided automatic riveter yes yes yes yes Organizational Groupement d’Interet Economique; all partners are responsible for their own profits no no no Yes/no Financial: Estimated revenues at over 7.6 billion Physical: 15 Ultra-modern facilities, at four strategic locations with automatic laser guided riveters Technological: laser-guided, automatic riveters. This reduced that stage from three months to three days. Organizational: Efficient organisational structure with each partner responsible for own profits Intangible Resources Valuable Rare Difficult to Imitate? Organized Human Experienced/innovative research team, sound management yes yes yes yes Innovation and Creativity leaders in (LGAR) technology yes yes yes yes Reputation R eputable but government assisted no no no yes Human: Experienced/innovative workers, efficient managerial team Innovation and Creativity: Airbus is considered a leader in innovation Reputation: With the ruling to regulate government subsidies/loans to airlines, this could hurt Airbus’s profitability SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Boeing: -60% market share -Steady business defence -Strong balance sheet -Admirable supplier relationship -Manufacturing capability Boeing: -Losing market share -Long order to delivery date -Cost of developing new VLCT Airbus: -Strong support from Governments -Profitable -Innovation ideas implemented, laser-guided riveting machine -Growing market share, estimated 23% in 1993 Airbus: -White tail, manufacturing planes without order -Manufacturing capabilities Opportunities Threats Boeing: -VLT necessary in near future -Aging fleets will need to be replaced with newer models (15-20 years) -Large market capitalisation - Largest manufacturing faciliti es Boeing: -Future airport capacity issues -Long delivery time -Investing alone in VLCT could cause Boeing to go under if failed -Declining market share Airbus: -Boeing running beyond capacity will cause airlines to pursue other options for quicker delivery dates -Good option for customers due to quick delivery time - Aging fleets will need to be replaced with newer models Airbus: -Decline in order for 1993 -Investing alone in VLCT could cause Airbus to go under if failed -white tails may be a catastrophic loss if buyers get better options Part 2 Definitely, Boeing has a competitive advantage over its next nearest rival Airbus. Boeing has an estimated 60% market share as of 1992 compared to

Compare and contrast Roshomon or Godzilla to Japan from 19301970 Essay

Compare and contrast Roshomon or Godzilla to Japan from 19301970 - Essay Example The havoc that Godzilla wreaks upon the people of Japan is certainly a symbolic representation of the devastation of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Yet Godzilla also works a symbol for the future of Japan as a reborn world power that focuses not only military might, but on mastering science and technology itself. Almost immediately, Godzilla launches into specific commentaries on Japanese culture, especially its history of vulnerability to attacks from the Other, whether natural disaster or the threat of annihilation by a superior power. Nuclear testing in the Pacific proved to be causing significant health dangers to Japanese fishermen and the early images of an unknown lethal force destroying fishing boats on an island directly connects with those real life concerns. The concept of radiation creating problems for the people of Japan long after the actual atomic bombs goes to the core of Japanese life following those detonations. It is not just the man-made threat engendered by scientific progress that the film speaks to, however. It also is concerned with the historical concerns of the Japanese regarding the precarious position as a small island subject to the might of nature. Godzilla represents the obvious fears of helplessness that stem from being a small, isolated island nation suddenl y stripped of its military might. In essence, the post-war treaty stripped Japan of its very right to defend itself while also providing precautions against its entertaining imperialist ambitions in the future. The vulnerability that the Japanese have always naturally felt was doubtlessly a contributing factor to their imperialist confrontations with Korea, China and Russia. Rather than waiting to be attacked and putting their ability to defend themselves to the test, their vulnerability could be counteracted by becoming the aggressors themselves. Faced with the unquestioned inability to defend themselves against an enormous opponent who could destroy lives and buildings on a massive scale, there can be little argument that at heart Godzilla was a concrete symbol of the fear of American might. But within that specific fear lies a much larger element. America and its technological superiority did not just mean an end to Japan's imperialist ambitions in World War; those massive explosions signaled a host of other changes as well. America was barely a baby in comparison to the millennia-long history of Japan. The Japanese tradition of ancient warriors and rituals were epitomized by the existence of its emperor. One important element of the particular vulnerability that Japan faced following World War II was the death of their historical identity. The powerful nation that had beaten back far more imposing military powers and had conquered foreign lands was no more. A modern nation still ruled by ancient tradition saw, with the atomic bombings, their empire reduced to rubble and forcibly democratized. One pointed episode that takes place in the film may address this confusion of identity. The Diet Building had over the years come to symbolize the Japanese movement from its imperial tradition to its status among the democracies

Fences by Augusta Wilson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fences by Augusta Wilson - Essay Example All The other characters in the play are closely related to the protagonist. The conflicts arises in the play are due to his self illusion and philosophy. He is a person living between two contradictory ideas like that of his name ‘Maxon’ a fusion of Mason and Dixon. To some extend we feel that he is an unsympathetic character. The illegal relation with Alberta visibly shows that he is a hypocrite. He was insisting others to be perfect in their life, but he was not so. At the same time he enjoys the freedom of choice. Troy never learned how to treat people close to him and he never gave any one a chance to prove themselves because he was selfish. Troy’s relationship with his son ‘Cory’ reveals the essential quality of a tragic hero, i.e. doing whatever they think right. Troy never allows his son to play football claiming that he doesn’t want Cory to suffer like him. He says â€Å"The white man are not gonna let you get nowhere with that footba ll no way† Cory accuses his father and says ‘you just scared I’m gonna be better than you, that’s all â€Å".

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy - Essay Example Organized Financial 7,647,000,000 revenues in 1992, 19% market share, cheap loans yes yes yes yes Physical 15 manufacturing facilities, efficient transport mechanisms yes yes yes yes Technological Improved fuselage, forward facing crew cockpits, Laser guided automatic riveter yes yes yes yes Organizational Groupement d’Interet Economique; all partners are responsible for their own profits no no no Yes/no Financial: Estimated revenues at over 7.6 billion Physical: 15 Ultra-modern facilities, at four strategic locations with automatic laser guided riveters Technological: laser-guided, automatic riveters. This reduced that stage from three months to three days. Organizational: Efficient organisational structure with each partner responsible for own profits Intangible Resources Valuable Rare Difficult to Imitate? Organized Human Experienced/innovative research team, sound management yes yes yes yes Innovation and Creativity leaders in (LGAR) technology yes yes yes yes Reputation R eputable but government assisted no no no yes Human: Experienced/innovative workers, efficient managerial team Innovation and Creativity: Airbus is considered a leader in innovation Reputation: With the ruling to regulate government subsidies/loans to airlines, this could hurt Airbus’s profitability SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Boeing: -60% market share -Steady business defence -Strong balance sheet -Admirable supplier relationship -Manufacturing capability Boeing: -Losing market share -Long order to delivery date -Cost of developing new VLCT Airbus: -Strong support from Governments -Profitable -Innovation ideas implemented, laser-guided riveting machine -Growing market share, estimated 23% in 1993 Airbus: -White tail, manufacturing planes without order -Manufacturing capabilities Opportunities Threats Boeing: -VLT necessary in near future -Aging fleets will need to be replaced with newer models (15-20 years) -Large market capitalisation - Largest manufacturing faciliti es Boeing: -Future airport capacity issues -Long delivery time -Investing alone in VLCT could cause Boeing to go under if failed -Declining market share Airbus: -Boeing running beyond capacity will cause airlines to pursue other options for quicker delivery dates -Good option for customers due to quick delivery time - Aging fleets will need to be replaced with newer models Airbus: -Decline in order for 1993 -Investing alone in VLCT could cause Airbus to go under if failed -white tails may be a catastrophic loss if buyers get better options Part 2 Definitely, Boeing has a competitive advantage over its next nearest rival Airbus. Boeing has an estimated 60% market share as of 1992 compared to

Fences by Augusta Wilson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fences by Augusta Wilson - Essay Example All The other characters in the play are closely related to the protagonist. The conflicts arises in the play are due to his self illusion and philosophy. He is a person living between two contradictory ideas like that of his name ‘Maxon’ a fusion of Mason and Dixon. To some extend we feel that he is an unsympathetic character. The illegal relation with Alberta visibly shows that he is a hypocrite. He was insisting others to be perfect in their life, but he was not so. At the same time he enjoys the freedom of choice. Troy never learned how to treat people close to him and he never gave any one a chance to prove themselves because he was selfish. Troy’s relationship with his son ‘Cory’ reveals the essential quality of a tragic hero, i.e. doing whatever they think right. Troy never allows his son to play football claiming that he doesn’t want Cory to suffer like him. He says â€Å"The white man are not gonna let you get nowhere with that footba ll no way† Cory accuses his father and says ‘you just scared I’m gonna be better than you, that’s all â€Å".

Representations of Either Male or Female Characters Essay Example for Free

Representations of Either Male or Female Characters Essay In the films I studied, (A clockwork Orange, From Russia with love, Carry on camping and a Hard days night) women are represented in similar ways but in very different circumstances. Firstly in A Clockwork Orange, women are seen as an objectified sexual obsession to the male gang. In almost every seen of the film women are presented in one way shape or form for example in the bar with the erotic, female shaped tables or the posters of women on the walls in Alex’s room. On the topic Kubrick has previously said â€Å"In the film, women are the ultimate harbingers of sexual desire, and it is only them who can suppress it. This power leaves the male ‘Droogs’ inwardly feeling threatened, which in part leads to cowardly rape.† I feel this quote explains the representation of females in the film perfectly as Alex, a man who feels he has great power over the rest of society, is surrounded by women and is always met with his sexual desire for them; Although the idea of sex in A Clockwork Orange is not an expression of love or intimacy, but rather an exhibition of power and violence. In this case Alex feels that to remain ‘powerful’ over everyone else he needs to use women as a object to satisfy his growing needs for power. In From Russia with Love, women are again seen as a object and are infamously named ‘the Bond Girls’ showing how in the larger scale there roles are minor compared to the ‘amazing’ Mr Bond. The opening title to the film shows barely clothed belly dancers dancing and parading there bodies to the Bond theme tune, showing how there bodies are more important then the woman herself. Throughout the film it is apparent that women are only good for a number of tasks: giving massages to the male characters, belly dancing and for casual sex and even then its when the man wants and not the woman. Despite this, in the film the female lead Tatiana played by Daniela Bianchi, shows womans slowly growing power and independence, for example Tatiana smoking representing the freedom that she perhaps now felt, although she is sitting down and Bond is standing over her, clearly in a position of more power. It is felt that the woman in the film are constantly being overlooked by men for example Tatiana killing the villain, which in normal circumstances would make her the ‘hero’ in the film, but this is undermined by the way Bond immediately takes the gun off her, as though it does not belong with her or she is not safe with it. In the film A Hard Days Night whenever the The Beatles perform, the members of the band are all distinguished as four individual, male characters. This massively contrasts with the role of women in the film, as there have been no main female characters; women are either portrayed as screaming, uncontrollable girls or again as sex objects. The idea behind this shows that women have no individuality in the film and are really only there to worship, flirt or to sexually satisfy the boys in the band. Finally the idea of women being perceived as objects is again mirrored in the final film Carry On camping, where the women are seen as objects for the men to flirt with and pursue in a sexual manner. Although Carry on camping differs from the previous films as there are several female characters which are seen to have hierarchy over certain male characters. For example the character Harriet Potter had the power in the relationship and often bossed her husband around in a comical manner. Overall in all the films it is obvious that women are often being represented as objects to satisfy mens needs and dont serve a real purpose in any of the films and if they do it is only in a comical manner to retrieve laughter from the audience.